Original Article

Arriving at Correct Conclusions: The Importance of Association, Causality, and Clinical Significance

Declaring that a causal and not solely a correlative relation exists between a risk factor and a disease creates significant implications for patients and physicians. No matter the forum, when investigators or clinicians make such a claim, it is essential to explain how this determination was made so that appropriate…

Posted in: association 2 clinical significance 3 evidence-based medicine 18 Special Issue 75

Case Report

Heterotopic Pancreatic Tissue in the Cystic Duct: Complicating Factor or Coexisting Pathology

The case of a 75-year-old female suffering from recurrent abdominal pain and nausea is presented. Ultrasound showed gallstones without inflammation of the gallbladder. The patient underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and her symptoms resolved. Histological examination of the operation specimen disclosed heterotopic pancreatic tissue within the cystic duct. An accurate clinical diagnosis…

Posted in: cholecystectomy 4 clinical significance 3 differential diagnosis 3 gallbladder 4 tissue 2

Case Report

Solitary Giant Splenic Metastasis in a Patient with Metachronous Gastric Cancers

Abstract:Splenic metastases from solid tumors are uncommon. They may be observed in a context of multivisceral dissemination or as a solitary lesion. We report the case of an 80-year-old woman with a history of two metachronous gastric cancers treated with distal gastrectomy and resection of the gastric remnant within a…

Posted in: clinical significance 3 gastric cancer 4 splenic metastasis 3
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