Spirituality/Medicine Interface Project

Internal Morality of Motherhood and Integrity of Physicians in the Era of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs)

Authors: Antal E. Solyom, MD, PHD, MA

Abstract

Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs)1 have posed significant new ethical challenges about the characteristics, meaning and values of creation of human life and human person, parenthood, medicine, and society. By increasing reliance on ARTs,2 human procreation may become a technological manufacturing project reflecting the interests of the parents-to-be guided by the physician.

This content is limited to qualifying members.

Existing members, please login first

If you have an existing account please login now to access this article or view purchase options.

Purchase only this article ($25)

Create a free account, then purchase this article to download or access it online for 24 hours.

Purchase an SMJ online subscription ($75)

Create a free account, then purchase a subscription to get complete access to all articles for a full year.

Purchase a membership plan (fees vary)

Premium members can access all articles plus recieve many more benefits. View all membership plans and benefit packages.

References

1. Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology. A Patient's Guide to Assisted Reproductive Technology. Available at: http://sart.org/ARTPatients.html. Accessed on 5/29/06.
 
2. Jones SL. The confluence of two clinical specialties: genetics and assisted reproductive technologies. Medsurg Nursing 2004;13:114–121.
 
3. Solyom AE. Educating physicians: are we doing enough? South Med J 2006;99:436–440.
 
4. Shanner L, Nisker J. Bioethics for clinicians: 26. Assisted reproductive technologies. CMAJ2001;164:1589–1594.
 
5. Fraiberg S. Every Child's Birthright: In Defense of Mothering. New York, Basic Books, 1977.
 
6. Solyom AE. New research on affect regulation: Developmental, clinical, and theoretical considerations. Psychoanal Inquiry 1987;7:331–347.
 
7. Thurer SL. The Myths of Motherhood. Boston, New York, Houghton Mifflin Company, 1994.
 
8. Robertson JA. Children of Choice: Freedom and the New Reproductive Technologies. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1994.
 
9. Gorovitz S. Doctors' Dilemmas: Moral Conflict and Medical Care. New York, Oxford University Press, 1985, pp 117–127.
 
10. Ryan MA. The Ethics and Economics of Assisted Reproduction: The Cost of Longing. Washington, Georgetown University Press, 2001.
 
11. CNN: American Morning on May 19, 2006.
 
12. Asch A. Prenatal diagnosis and selective abortion: a challenge to practice and policy. Am J Public Health 1999;89:1649–1657.
 
13. Botkin JR. Ethical issues and practical problems in preimplantation genetic diagnosis. J Law Med Ethics 1998;26:17–28.
 
14. Bibring GL, Dwyer T, Huntington D, et al. A study of the psychological process in pregnancy and of the earliest mother-child relationship. Psychoanal Study Child 1961;16:9–72.
 
15. Solyom AE, Ainslie RC, McManus ME. Early assessment of psychological risk factors: On the role of husband/father during pregnancy and in the early postnatal period. Infant Ment Health J 1981;2:23–32.
 
16. Little MO. The morality of abortion. In: Steinbock B, Arras JD, London AJ, eds. Ethical Issues in Modern Medicine, 6 ed. London, McGraw-Hill, 2003, pp 492–500.
 
17. Steinbock B. Surrogate motherhood as prenatal adoption. Law Med Health Care 1988;16:44–50.
 
18. Anderson E. Value in Ethics and Economics. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1993.
 
19. ABC Evening News, November 12, 2002.
 
20. ABC News: Great-Grandmother Gives Birth at 62. Available at:http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Health/story?id=1637601&page=1. Accessed November 11, 2006.
 
21. Hope T, Lockwood G, Lockwood M. An ethical debate: should older women be offered in vitro fertilization? In: Kuhse H, Singer P, eds. Bioethics: An Antology Malden, Blackwell Publishers, 1999;116–118.
 
22. Layne LL. True gifts from God: motherhood, sacrifice and enrichment in the case of pregnancy loss. In: Transformative Motherhood: On Giving and Getting in a Consumer Culture. New York, New York University Press, 1999, pp 167–214.