Abstract

AbstractLess than two decades ago, it was first shown that progressive instillation of contrast medium into the bladder symmetrically expands the distensible part of this organ. Our experience supports this. With the use of position triangles and restraining bands, we have achieved the immobilization of the patient necessary for effective use of the technic. Correlation of our cystograms with bimanual examination in 40 patients demonstrated that bladder carcinoma at stage T2 can be confirmed by cystogram. Stages T3 and T4 can be distinguished from stage T2, but not from each other. We believe that a fractionated cystogram is a good supplementary diagnostic procedure in clear-cut cases of bladder carcinoma. As we have modified the technic, it is simple to perform and there is no morbidity. Because stage T3 and stage T4 disease often require the same therapeutic approach, the inability to distinguish between the two stages is of minor importance.