Case Report

Cardiac Tamponade: An Unusual Complication of Simultaneous Treatment of Tuberculosis and HIV

Authors: Shu-Hua Wang, MD, MPH&TM, Anupama Menon, MD, MPH, Newton E. Hyslop, MD

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has caused resurgence in tuberculosis (TB) worldwide. HIV-TB coinfected individuals are at increased risk for complications of TB and HIV treatment, such as adverse drug reactions and immune reconstitution syndrome. A 17-year-old male with HIV-TB coinfection, who developed cardiac tamponade from immune reconstitution during treatment for TB and HIV, is reported in this document.


Key Points


* Treatment principles for tuberculosis are the same for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-coinfected and HIV uninfected.


* Clinicians need to beware of adverse drug reactions and immune reconstitution syndrome in HIV-tuberculosis coinfected individuals.


* HIV-tuberculosis coinfected individuals with advanced immunodeficiency who begin highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are more likely to experience immune reconstitution syndrome.


* Incidence of pericardial effusion is increasing among HIV-infected individuals, often from TB-coinfection.

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