References
1. Weisberg LA. Clinical characteristics of transient ischemic attacks in black patients. Neurology 1991;41:1410–1414.
2. Pessin MS, Duncan GW, Mohr JP, et al. Clinical and angiographic features of carotid transient ischemic attacks. N Engl J Med 1977;296:358–362.
3. Feinberg WM, Albers GW, Barnett HJ, et al. Guidelines for the management of transient ischemic attacks. From the Ad Hoc Committee on Guidelines for the Management of Transient Ischemic Attacks of the Stroke Council of the American Heart Association. Circulation 1994;89:2950–2965.
4. Culebras A, Kase CS, Masdeu JC, et al. Practice guidelines for the use of imaging in transient ischemic attacks and acute stroke. A report of the Stroke Council, American Heart Association. Stroke 1997;28:1480–1497.
5. Albers GW, Hart RG, Lutsep HL, et al. AHA Scientific Statement. Supplement to the guidelines for the management of transient ischemic attacks: a statement from the Ad Hoc Committee on Guidelines for the Management of Transient Ischemic Attacks, Stroke Council, American Heart Association. Stroke 1999;30:2502–2511.
6. Wolf PA, Clagett GP, Easton JD, et al. Preventing ischemic stroke in patients with prior stroke and transient ischemic attack: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Stroke Council of the American Heart Association. Stroke 1999;30:1991–1994.
7. Holloway RG, Benesch C, Rush SR. Stroke prevention: narrowing the evidence-practice gap. Neurology 2000;54:1899–1906.
8. Johnston SC. Clinical practice. Transient ischemic attack. N Engl J Med 2002;347:1687–1692.
9. Kelly J, Hunt BJ, Lewis RR, et al. Transient ischaemic attacks: under-reported, over-diagnosed, under-treated. Age Ageing 2001;30:379–381.
10. Albers GW, Caplan LR, Easton JD, et al. Transient ischemic attack—proposal for a new definition. N Engl J Med 2002;347:1713–1716.
11. Dilaveris PE, Gialafos EJ, Sideris SK, et al. Simple electrocardiographic markers for the prediction of paroxysmal idiopathic atrial fibrillation. Am Heart J 1998;135:733–738.
12. Day CP, McComb JM, Campbell RW. QT dispersion: an indication of arrhythmia risk in patients with long QT intervals. Br Heart J 1990;63:342–344.
13. Jabaudon D, Sztajzel J, Sievert K, et al. Usefulness of ambulatory 7-day ECG monitoring for the detection of atrial fibrillation and flutter after acute stroke and transient ischemic attack. Stroke 2004;35:1647–1651.
14. Christensen H, Fogh Christensen A, Boysen G. Abnormalities on ECG and telemetry predict stroke outcome at 3 months. J Neurol Sci 2005;234:99–103.
15. Elkins JS, Sidney S, Gress DR, et al. Electrocardiographic findings predict short-term cardiac morbidity after transient ischemic attack. Arch Neurol 2002;59:1437–1441.
16. Gialafos JE, Dilaveris PE, Gialafos EJ, et al. P-wave dispersion: a valuable electrocardiographic marker for the prediction of paroxysmal lone atrial fibrillation. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 1999;4:39.
17. Surawicz B. Electrocardiographic diagnosis of chamber enlargement. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986;8:711–724.
18. Chandraratna PAN, Hodges M. Electrocardiographic evidence of left atrial hypertension in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1973;47:493–498.
19. Josephson ME, Kastor JA, Morganroth J. Electrocardiographic left atrial enlargement. Electrophysiologic, echocardiographic and hemodynamic correlates. Am J Cardiol 1977;39:967–971.
20. Tsang TS, Gersh BJ, Appleton CP, et al. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction as a predictor of the first diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in 840 elderly men and women. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40:1636–1644.
21. Tsang TS, Barnes ME, Gersh BJ, et al. Left atrial volume as a morphophysiologic expression of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and relation to cardiovascular risk burden. Am J Cardiol 2002;90:1284–1289.
22. Simek CL, Feldman MD, Haber HL, et al. Relationship between left ventricular wall thickness and left atrial size: comparison with other measures of diastolic function. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1995;8:37–47.
23. Tsang TS, Barnes ME, Bailey KR, et al. Left atrial volume: important risk marker of incident atrial fibrillation in 1655 older men and women. Mayo Clin Proc 2001;76:467–475.
24. Vitebskiy S, Fox K, Hoit BD. Routine transesophageal echocardiography for the evaluation of cerebral emboli in elderly patients. Echocardiography 2005;22:770–774.
25. Macfarlane PW, McLaughlin SC, Rodger JC. Influence of lead selection and population on automated measurement of QT dispersion. Circulation 1998;98:2160–2167.
26. Lazar J, Manzella S, Moonjelly J, et al. The prognostic value of QT dispersion in patients presenting with acute neurological events. J Invasive Cardiol 2003;15:31–35.
27. Ciaroni S, Cuenoud L, Bloch A. Clinical study to investigate the predictive parameters for the onset of atrial fibrillation in patients with essential hypertension. Am Heart J 2000;139:814–819.
28. Kistler JP. The risk of embolic stroke. Another piece of the puzzle. N Engl J Med 1994;331:1517–1519.
29. Donnan GA, Davis SM, Jones EF, et al. Aortic Source of Brain Embolism. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med 2003;5:211–219.
30. Petty GW, Khandheria BK, Meissner I, et al. Population-based study of the relationship between atherosclerotic aortic debris and cerebrovascular ischemic events. Mayo Clin Proc 2006;81:609–614.
31. Koniaris LS, Goldhaber SZ. Anticoagulation in dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;31:745–748.
32. Cleland JGF. Anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy in heart failure. Curr Opin Cardiol 1997;12:276–287.
33. Siachos T, Vanbakel A, Feldman DS, et al. Silent strokes in patients with heart failure. J Card Fail 2005;11:485–489.
34. Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, et al. ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure): developed in collaboration with the American College of Chest Physicians and the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 2005;112:e154–e235.
35. Dries DL, Rosenberg YD, Waclawiw MA, et al. Ejection fraction and risk of thromboembolic events in patients with systolic dysfunction and sinus rhythm: evidence for gender differences in the studies of left ventricular dysfunction trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;29:1074–1080.
36. Cohn JN, Archibald DG, Ziesche S, et al. Effect of vasodilator therapy on mortality in chronic congestive heart failure. Results of a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study. N Engl J Med 1986;314:1547–1552.
37. Loh E, Sutton MS, Wun CC, et al. Ventricular dysfunction and the risk of stroke after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1997;336:251–257.
38. Massie BM. Warfarin and Antiplatelet Therapy in Chronic Heart Failure study. The Warfarin and Antiplatelet Therapy in Heart Failure Trial in Chronic Heart Failure (WATCH). Presented at the Annual Scientific Session of the American College of Cardiology, New Orleans, LA, March 2004, pp 7–10.
39. Cleland JG, Findlay I, Jafri S, et al. The Warfarin/Aspirin Study in Heart failure (WASH): a randomized trial comparing antithrombotic strategies for patients with heart failure. Am Heart J 2004;148:157–164.