Editorial

Immunocompromised Host (Especially HIV-Positive) The Target of Pyomyositis in Temperate Regions

Authors: Gabriel-Adrian Popescu, MD, PhD

Abstract

Pyomyositis is an acute endemic infection, initially seen in tropical areas. Over the last several years, however, more cases have been reported in temperate areas, especially among patients with immunodeficiency. This increase could reflect the use of more advanced imaging techniques, but also corresponds to a rising number of immunocompromised patients. In these patients, the incidence of pyomyositis is relatively low, at 1.5 to 3.5 cases per thousand patient years.1,2 Less frequently, pyomyositis occurs in patients with diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, malignancy, intravenous drug use, hemophilia, and in conjunction with central venous catheter use.3,4 IV drug use and muscle injury due to trauma or exercise are recognized risk factors in HIV-positive patients.5

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