The toxicity of the fluoride ion is well characterized but there are few objective decontamination studies. This review is meant to summarize the literature available for human application.

Medically underserved communities have a higher prevalence of chronic diseases compared to the general population and are more vulnerable during disruptions of care following natural disasters.

In a comatose patient, uncovering underlying etiology is challenging due to the lack of history. We present a systematic approach to creating a differential and identifying a diagnosis in an unconscious patient.

Neuropathy is a common finding in the ED and differentiating between critical and non-critical causes is an important skill for ED physicians to have. Patients with alcohol abuse disorder can have a myriad of nerve pathologies.

Gunshot wounds(GSW) can precipitate a variety of acute or chronic infectious complications across different organ systems, and can involve a wide range of organisms.

Endoscopic biliary stent placement is a common procedure in the settings of obstructive jaundice or postoperative biliary leaks. Stent dislodgement and migration through the GI tract has been reported, although this usually occurs without complication and the stent passes spontaneously.

Early recognition of underlying thyroid disease in patients presenting with new onset tachyarrhythmia’s is central to management, as usual rate-control strategies can result in significant mortality and morbidity. Hyperthyroidism induced cardiomyopathy complicated by cardiogenic shock is a life threatening condition.

Headaches are a common complaint in the emergency department and urgent care setting. There are some unusual causes that require further evaluation.

While psychiatric advance directives (PADs) have been used within the field of mental health for a number of years and have been proven to reduce the need for coercive intervention, increase post discharge treatment adherence, and improve medication compliance, they remain an underused and under-investigated tool in patient care.