Editorial

Atypical Presentations of Sjögren Disease

Authors: Jeffrey H. Spiegel, MD, FACS

Abstract

It has been more than 70 years since Swedish ophthalmologist, Henrik Sjögren, described the triad of xerophthalmia, parotid enlargement, and arthritis. Fifty years before that, Mikulicz noted a correlation between cellular destruction in the lacrimal and salivary glands with cellular infiltrates. Over the ensuing years, literally thousands of papers have been published on Sjögren syndrome (SS) and many diagnostic algorithms have been proposed.1

This content is limited to qualifying members.

Existing members, please login first

If you have an existing account please login now to access this article or view purchase options.

Purchase only this article ($25)

Create a free account, then purchase this article to download or access it online for 24 hours.

Purchase an SMJ online subscription ($75)

Create a free account, then purchase a subscription to get complete access to all articles for a full year.

Purchase a membership plan (fees vary)

Premium members can access all articles plus recieve many more benefits. View all membership plans and benefit packages.

References

1.Mahoney EJ, Spiegel JH. Sjögren’s disease. Otolaryngol Clin North America 2003;36:733–745.
 
2.Vitali C, Bombardieri S, Jonsson R, et al, and the European Study Group on Classification Criteria for Sjögren’s Syndrome. Classification criteria for Sjögren’s syndrome: a revised version of the European criteria proposed by the American-European consensus group. Ann Rheum Dis 2002;61:554–558.
 
3.Mignogna MD, Fedele S, Russo LL, et al. Sjögren’s syndrome: the diagnostic potential of early oral manifestations preceding hyposalivation/xerostomia. J Oral Pathol Med. 2005 Jan;34:1–6.
 
4.Haga HJ. Clinical and immunological factors associated with low lacrimal and salivary flow rate in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome. J Rheumatol. 2002 Feb;29:305–308.
 
5.Contant CM, Swaak AJ, Obdeign AL, et al. A prospective study on silicone breast implants and the silicone-related symptom complex. Clin Rheumatol. 200221:215–219.