Public Health & Environmental Medicine

Includes the broad field of public health, public health policies and practices, international medicine, global health, environmental medicine, aerospace medicine, and preventive and occupation medicine.

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SMJ Article | Original Article

Gender Differences in Hospital Outcomes among COVID-19 Hospitalizations

Objectives: Many epidemiological studies have shown that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disproportionately affects males, compared with females, although other studies show that there were no such differences. The aim of the present study was to assess differences in the prevalence of hospitalizations and in-hospital outcomes between the sexes, using a...

Posted in: Infectious Disease120

SMJ Article | Original Article

Comparative Analysis of Costs of Caring for Inpatient COVID-19 Patients and Non-COVID-19 Patients at One Academic Center

Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created a significant financial burden on the US healthcare system. The purpose of this study was to compare the costs of caring for patients admitted with COVID-related illness versus non-COVID patients. We hypothesized that the average daily costs of hospitalization would be...

Posted in: Infectious Disease120

SMJ Article | Original Article

Associations between COVID-19 Death Exposure and COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Vaccine Uptake

Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the relation between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) death exposure and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and vaccine uptake among Arkansans, controlling for sociodemographic factors. Methods: Data were collected from a telephone survey administered in Arkansas between July 12 and July 30, 2021 (N...

Posted in: Infectious Disease120

SMJ Article | Original Article

Perceived Stress, Cortisol Responses, and the Effect of Social Networks among Uninsured Free Clinic Patients

Objectives: Stress among free clinic patients is an important issue to address in health care. Evaluating the differences between perceived stress and physiological stress will help healthcare professionals to better understand the stress and coping management skills that will improve health outcomes for underserved populations. The aim of this study...

SMJ Article | Original Article

STI Testing among Medicaid Enrollees Initiating PrEP for HIV Prevention in Six Southern States

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to measure sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing among Medicaid enrollees initiating preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent human immunodeficiency virus. Secondary data are in the form of Medicaid enrollment and claims data in six states in the US South. Methods: Research partnerships in six...

Posted in: Infectious Disease120 Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) And Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection16

SMJ Article | Original Article

Nonpharmaceutical Interventions in Georgia: Public Health Implications

Objectives: As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread, many states implemented nonpharmaceutical interventions in the absence of effective therapies with varying degrees of success. Our aim was to evaluate restrictions comparing two regions of Georgia and their impact on outcomes as measured by confirmed illness and deaths. Methods: Using The New...

Posted in: Infectious Disease120

SMJ Article | Perspectives

Facilitating Smoking Cessation in America’s Highest Risk Population: Community-Centered Interventions in Rural Appalachian Kentucky

Cigarette smoking in rural Appalachian Kentucky remains prevalent, and smoking cessation interventions continue to be challenged by a host of social and behavioral factors. Appalachian Kentucky has one of the highest smoking rates in the United States, with between 24% and 34% of adults using tobacco compared with 21% nationwide,...

SMJ Article | Original Article

Public Health Measures and SARS-CoV-2 Cases in the Juvenile Justice System: Implications for Pandemic Response in the Detention Setting

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 case positivity in juvenile justice facilities of two different states alongside institutional, local, and state public health policies during the first 6 months of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Methods: This retrospective chart review examined two large,...

Posted in: Infectious Disease120

SMJ Article | Original Article

Geographic Access to Primary Healthcare Services among Latinos/as/x in Western Alabama

Objectives: Alabama’s Latino/a/x population grew 278% from 2000 to 2018. Tuscaloosa County, located in the largely rural region of western Alabama, also experienced a significant influx of Latino/as/x during this time frame. Geographic healthcare access (GHA) to primary care and hospitals is crucial for immigrant Latino/as/x to care for their...

SMJ Article | Original Article

Preexposure Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention in a Rural Southern Clinic

Objectives: Little is known about implementing preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the rural US South, where most HIV infections occur. To investigate how to better reach the at-risk population in rural eastern North Carolina (ENC), the characteristics and clinical courses of those receiving PrEP from our...

Posted in: Infectious Disease120 Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) And Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection16

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