References
1. Gresele P, Migliacci R, Vedovati MC. Patients with primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and without associated vascular risk factors present a normal endothelial function. Thromb Res. 2009; 123: 444–451.
2. Dlott JS, Roubey RA. Drug-induced lupus anticoagulants and antiphospholipid antibodies. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2012; 14: 71–78.
3. García-Carrasco M, Galarza-Maldonado C, Mendoza-Pinto C, et al. Infections and the antiphospholipid syndrome. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2009; 36: 104–108.
4. Delbos V, Abgueguen P, Chennebault JM, et al. Acute cytomegalovirus infection and venous thrombosis: role of antiphospholipid antibodies. J Infect. 2007; 54: e47–e50.
5. Kiser KL, Badowski ME. Risk factors for venous thromboembolism in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Pharmacotherapy. 2010; 30: 1292–1302.
6. Cervera R, Piette JC, Font J, et al. Antiphospholipid syndrome: clinical and immunologic manifestations and patterns of disease expression in a cohort of 1000 patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2002; 46: 1019–1027.
7. Gris JC, Quéré I, Sanmarco M, et al. Antiphospholipid and antiprotein syndromes in non-thrombotic, non-autoimmune women with unexplained recurrent primary early foetal loss. The Nîmes Obstetricians and Haematologists Study—NOHA. Thromb Haemost. 2000; 84: 228–236.
8. Sugi T, Matsubayashi H, Inomo A, et al. Antiphosphatidylethanolamine antibodies in recurrent early pregnancy loss and mid-to-late pregnancy loss. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2004; 30: 326–332.
9. de Groot PG, Urbanus RT. The significance of autoantibodies against β2-glycoprotein I. Blood. 2012; 120: 266–274.
10. Iverson GM, Victoria EJ, Marquis DM. Anti-beta2 glycoprotein I (beta2GPI) autoantibodies recognize an epitope on the first domain of beta2GPI. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998; 95: 15542–15546.
11. de Laat B, Pengo V, Pabinger I, et al. The association between circulating antibodies against domain I of beta2-glycoprotein I and thrombosis: an international multicenter study. J Thromb Haemost. 2009; 7: 1767–1773.
12. Bertolaccini ML. Antibodies to prothrombin. Lupus. 2012; 21: 729–731.
13. Bertolaccini ML, Atsumi T, Koike T, et al. Antiprothrombin antibodies detected in two different assay systems. Prevalence and clinical significance in systemic lupus erythematosus. Thromb Haemost. 2005; 93: 289–297.
14. Forastiero R, Martinuzzo M, Pombo G, et al. A prospective study of antibodies to beta2-glycoprotein I and prothrombin, and risk of thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost. 2005; 3: 1231–1238.
15. Bizzaro N, Ghirardello A, Zampieri S, et al. Anti-prothrombin antibodies predict thrombosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a 15-year longitudinal study. J Thromb Haemost. 2007; 5: 1158–1164.
16. Binder W, Lewis S, Shums Z. Clinical significance of IgG and IgM autoantibodies that target the complex of phosphatidylserine and prothrombin. Lupus. 2010; 19: C134[abstract]
17. Rand JH, Wu XX, Andree HA, et al. Antiphospholipid antibodies accelerate plasma coagulation by inhibiting annexin-V binding tophospholipids: a “lupus procoagulant” phenomenon. Blood. 1998; 92: 1652–1660.
18. Tomer A, Bar-Lev S, Fleisher S, et al. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: the flow cytometric annexin A5 competition assay as a diagnostic tool. Br J Haematol. 2007; 139: 113–120.
19. Rand JH, Wu XX, Lapinski R. Detection of antibody-mediated reduction of annexin A5 anticoagulant activity in plasmas of patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome. Blood. 2004; 104: 2783–2790.
20. de Laat B, Wu XX, van Lummel M, et al. Correlation between antiphospholipid antibodies that recognize domain I of beta2-glycoprotein I and a reduction in the anticoagulant activity of annexin A5. Blood. 2007; 109: 1490–1494.
21. Rand JH, Arslan AA, Wu XX, et al. Reduction of circulating annexin A5 levels and resistance to annexin A5 anticoagulant activity in women with recurrent spontaneous pregnancy losses. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006; 194: 182–188.
22. Sahud M, Zhukov O, Mo K, et al. False-positive results in ELISA-based anti FVIII antibody assay may occur with lupus anticoagulant and phospholipid antibodies. Haemophilia. 2012; 18: 777–781.
23. Tripodi A. To mix or not to mix in lupus anticoagulant testing? That is the question. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2012; 38: 385–389.
24. Willis R, Harris EN, Pierangeli SS. Current international initiatives in antiphospholipid antibody testing. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2012; 38: 360–374.
25. Brandt JT, Triplett DA, Alving B, et al. Criteria for the diagnosis of lupus anticoagulants: an update. Thromb Haemost. 1995; 74: 1185–1190.
26. Dembitzer FR, Suarez Y, Aledort LM, et al. Screening coagulation testing using the APTT: which reagent to choose? Am J Hematol. 2010; 85: 726
27. Devreese KM. Evaluation of a new silica clotting time in the diagnosis of lupus anticoagulants. Thromb Res. 2007; 120: 427–438.
28. Triplett DA, Barna LK, Unger GA. A hexagonal (II) phase phospholipid neutralization assay for lupus anticoagulant identification. Thromb Haemost. 1993; 70: 787–793.
29. Devreese KM. Evaluation of a new commercial dilute prothrombin time in the diagnosis of lupus anticoagulants. Thromb Res. 2008; 123: 404–411.
30. Martinuzzo M, Adamczuk Y, Varela ML, et al. The activated seven lupus anticoagulant (ASLA) test has comparable sensitivity to classical assays for screening of lupus anticoagulant. Thromb Haemost. 2005; 93: 1007–1009.
31. Forastiero R. Bleeding in the antiphospholipid syndrome. Hematology. 2012; 17: S153–S155.
32. Favaloro EJ, Reben R, Mohammed S, et al. A clinical audit of antiphospholipid antibody testing in tertiary practice: towards improved relevance in thrombophilia investigations. Intern Med J. 2012; 42: 427–434.
33. Liestøl S, Wisløff F. Effect of subcutaneous administration of dalteparin on lupus anticoagulant assays. Thromb Res. 2005; 115: 509–517.
34. Gosselin RC, King JH, Janatpur KA, et al. Effects of pentasaccharide (fondaparinux) and direct thrombin inhibitors on coagulation testing. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2004; 128: 1142–1145.
35. Favaloro EJ, Lippi G, Koutts J. Laboratory testing of anticoagulants: the present and the future. Pathology. 2011; 43: 682–692.
36. Kershaw G, Suresh S, Orellana D, et al. Laboratory identification of lupus anticoagulants. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2012; 38: 375–384.
37. van Os GM, de Laat B, Kamphuisen PW, et al. Detection of lupus anticoagulant in the presence of rivaroxaban using Taipan snake venom time. J Thromb Haemost. 2011; 9: 1657–1659.
38. Pengo V, Tripodi A, Reber G, et al. Update of the guidelines for lupus anticoagulant detection. J Thromb Haemost. 2009; 7: 1737–1740.
39. Miyakis S, Lockshin MD, Atsumi T, et al. International consensus statement on an update of the classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). J Thromb Haemost. 2006; 4: 295–306.
40. Jennings I, Kitchen S, Kitchen DP, et al. ISTH/SSC lupus anticoagulant testing guidelines: how far have these been adopted by laboratories? J Thromb Haemost. 2011; 9: 2117–2119.
41. Cervera R, Conti F, Doria A, et al. Does seronegative antiphospholipid syndrome really exist? Autoimmun Rev. 2012; 11: 581–584.
42. Rodriguez-Garcia JL, Bertolaccini ML, Cuadrado MJ, et al. Clinical manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) with and without antiphospholipid antibodies (the so-called ‘seronegative APS’). Ann Rheum Dis. 2012; 71: 242–244.