References
1. Cosgrove SE, Sakoulas G, Perencevich EN, et al. Comparison of mortality associated with methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2003;36:53–59.
2. Whitby M, Mclaws ML, Berry G. Risk of death from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: a meta-analysis. Med J Aust 2001;175:264–267.
3. Klevens RM, Morrison MA, Nadle J, et al; Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs) MRSA Investigators. Invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in the United States. JAMA 2007;298:1763–1771.
4. Noskin GA, Rubin RJ, Schentag JJ, et al. The burden of Staphylococcus aureus infections on hospitals in the United States: an analysis of the 2000 and 2001 Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database. Arch Intern Med 2005;165:1756–1761.
5. Deresinski S. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an evolutionary, epidemiologic and therapeutic odyssey. Clin Infect Dis 2005;40:562–573.
6. Jevons MP, Coe AW, Parker MT. Methicillin resistance in Staphylococci. Lancet 1963;1:904–907.
7. Boyce JM, Causey WA. Increasing occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the United States. Infect Control 1982;3:377–383.
8. Boyce JM. Increasing prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the United States. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1990;111:639–642.
9. Kuehnert MJ, Hill HA, Kupronis BA, et al. Methicillin-resistant-Staphylococcus aureus hospitalizations, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 2005;11:868–872.
10. Diekema DJ, BootsMiller BJ, Vaughn TE, et al. Antimicrobial resistance trends and outbreak frequency in United States hospitals. Clin Infect Dis 2004;38:78–85.
11. Wisplinghoff H, Bischoff T, Tallent SM, et al. Nosocomial blood stream infections in US hospitals: analysis of 24,179 cases from prospective nationwide surveillance study. Clin Infect Dis 2004;39:309–317.
12. Klevens RM, Edwards JR, Tenover FC, et al; National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. Changes in the epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in intensive care units in US hospitals, 1992–2003. Clin Infect Dis 2006;42:389–391.
13. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System Report, data summary from January 1992 through June 2004, issued October 2004. Am J Infect Control 2004;32:470–485.
14. Udo EE, Pearman JW, Grubb WB. Genetic analysis of community isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Western Australia. J Hosp Infect 1993;25:97–108.
15. Gordon RJ, Lowy FD. Pathogenesis of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. Clin Infect Dis 2008;46:S350–S359.
16. From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Four pediatric deaths from community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus—Minnesota and North Dakota, 1997–1999. JAMA 1999;282:1123–1125.
17. From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Outbreaks of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin infections—Los Angeles County, California, 2002–2003. JAMA 2003;289:1377.
18. Barrett TW, Moran GJ. Update on emerging infections:news from the Centers for Disease control and Prevention. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections among competitive sports participants—Colorado, Indiana, Pennsylvania and Los Angeles County; 2000–2003. Ann Emerg Med 2004;43:43–45.
19. From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin or soft tissue infections in a state prison-Mississippi, 2000. JAMA 2002;287:181–182.
20. Kazakova SV, Hageman JC, Matava M, et al. A clone of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among professional football players. N Engl J Med 2005;352:468–475.
21. Stryjewski ME, Chambers HF. Skin and soft tissue infections caused by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Infect Dis 2008;46:S368–S377.
22. King MD, Humphrey BJ, Wang YF, et al. Emergence of community acquired Staphylococcus aureus USA 300 clone as the predominant cause of skin and soft tissue infections. Ann Intern Med 2006;144:309–317.
23. Tenover FC, McDougal LK, Goering RV, et al. Characterization of a strain of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus widely disseminated in the United States. J Clin Microbiol 2006;44:108–118.
24. Seybold U, Kourbatova EV, Johnson JG, et al. Emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 genotype as a major cause of health care associated blood stream infections. Clin Infec Dis 2006;42:647–656.
25. Gonzales BE, Reuda AM, Shelburne SA III, et al. Community-associated strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as the cause of healthcare-associated infection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2006;27:1051–1056.
26. Davis SL, Rybak MJ, Amjad M, et al. Characteristics of patients with healthcare-associated infection due to SCCmec type IV methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 206;27:1025–1031.
27. Mulligan ME, Murray-Leisure KA, Ribner BS, et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a consensus review of the microbiology, pathogenesis and epidemiology with implications for prevention and management. Am J Med 1993;94:313–328.
28. Wertheim HF, Melles DC, Vos MC, et al. The role of nasal carriage in Staphylococcus aureus infections. Lancet Infect Dis 2005;5:751–762.
29. Miller LG, Diep BA. Clinical practice: colonization, fomites, and virulence: rethinking the pathogenesis of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. Clin Infect Dis 2008;46:752–760.
30. Muto CA, Jernigan JA, Ostrowsky BE, et al. SHEA guideline for preventing nosocomial transmission of multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2003;24:362–386.
34. Weber SG, Huang SS, Oriolo S, et al. Legislative mandates for use of active surveillance cultures to screen for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci: position statement from the Joint SHEA and APIC Task Force. Am J Infect Control 2007;35:73–85.
35. Popovich K, Hota B, Rice T, et al. A phenotypic prediction rule for community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Microbiol 2007;45:2293–2295.
36. Bonnstetter KK, Wolter DJ, Tenover FC, et al. Rapid multiplex PCR assay for identification of US300 community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates. J Clin Microbiol 2007;45:141–146.
37. Liu C, Graber CJ, Karr M, et al. A population-based study of the incidence and molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus disease in San Francisco, 2004–2005. Clin Infect Dis 2008;46:1637–1646.
38. Limbago B, Fosheim GE, Schoonover V, et al; Active Bacterial Core surveillance MRSA Investigators. Characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates collected in 2005 and 2006 from patients with invasive disease: a population-based analysis. J Clin Microbiol 2009;47:1344–1351.
39. McGinigle KL, Gourlay MK, Buchanan IB. The use of active surveillance cultures in adult intensive care units to reduce methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus-related morbidity, mortality and costs: a systematic review. Clin Infect Dis 2008;46:1717–1725.
40. Yang ES, Tan J, Rieg G, Miller LG. Body site colonization prevalence in patients with commonly associated MRSA infections (abstract 285), in Program andAbstractsof the 45th AnnualMeetingof the Infectious Disease Society of America (San Diego). Alexandria, Infectious Disease Society of America, 2007, pp 107.
41. Bode LG, Kluytmans JA, Wertheim HF, et al. Preventing surgical-site infections in nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus. N Engl J Med 2010;362:9–17.
42. Garey KW, Dao T, Chen H, et al. Timing of vancomycin prophylaxis for cardiac surgery patients and the risk of surgical site infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006;58:645–650.