SMJ articles in the category "calcium"

Review Article

A Brief Review of the Pharmacology of Hyperkalemia: Causes and Treatment

Hyperkalemia is a common problem in both inpatients and outpatients. Many disease states (eg, chronic kidney disease) and medications may precipitate hyperkalemia. There are several drugs now available to treat hyperkalemia. Many of these drugs are relatively new. This review provides information regarding drug-induced causes of hyperkalemia and provides detailed…

Posted in: calcium 3 hyperkalemia 3

Review

Calcium Abnormalities in Hospitalized Patients

Depending upon the method of measurement, hypocalcemia occurs in 15% to 88% and hypercalcemia occurs in 15% of hospitalized patients. Ionized calcium should be measured in place of total serum calcium to avoid errors related to hypoalbuminemia, which is seen commonly in acutely ill patients. Symptomatic hypocalcemia requires prompt intravenous…

Posted in: calcium 3 hypercalcemia 10 hypocalcemia 5

Review

Nephrolithiasis: Evaluation and Management

Nephrolithiasis is a major cause of morbidity involving the urinary tract. The prevalence of this disease in the United States has increased from 3.8% in the 1970s to 5.2% in the 1990s. There were nearly two million physician-office visits for nephrolithiasis in the year 2000, with estimated annual costs totaling…

Posted in: calcium 3 lithotripsy 2 nephrolithiasis 3
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