Objectives: The southern United States is facing a burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnoses, with 52% of new diagnoses made in the region. The emergency department (ED) is an important access point for patient care, especially given nationwide shortages in primary care appointments. The objective of our study was…
Objectives: Sexual and gender minority (SGM) communities at increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may be underprescribed preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), but PrEP research on SGM communities other than transgender women and cisgender men who have sex with men is limited. We sought to better understand SGM individuals’ vulnerability to…
Objectives: During the course of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, numerous comorbidities were identified as risk factors for increased morbidity and mortality. Few studies have examined human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and COVID-19 co-infection and the impact of HIV on COVID-19 outcomes. In this study, we compared outcomes of people…
With more than 50% of the country’s HIV diagnoses in 2022 occurring in the South, Carl Fichtenbaum, MD, an Infectious Diseases specialist at the University of Cincinnati, and Philip Hartman, MD, a Family Medicine physician in Florence, Kentucky and former SMA President, discuss the status of HIV prevention and treatment…
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to measure sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing among Medicaid enrollees initiating preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent human immunodeficiency virus. Secondary data are in the form of Medicaid enrollment and claims data in six states in the US South. Methods: Research partnerships in six…
Objectives: Little is known about implementing preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the rural US South, where most HIV infections occur. To investigate how to better reach the at-risk population in rural eastern North Carolina (ENC), the characteristics and clinical courses of those receiving PrEP from our…
Objectives: People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Hypertensive emergency (HTNE), a complication of hypertension with potentially serious health implications, has high healthcare utilization. We attempted to determine the association between HIV status and risk for 30-day readmission after index hospitalization for…
Objectives: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are significant public health concerns, especially given the risks for disease interactions. Rates of HCV and HIV are increasing, especially in rural areas. Local health departments (LHDs) play an important role in rural health care, offering screening, testing, and treatment…
Objectives: Adolescents and young adults represent the largest group of new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in the United States, especially in the South. We wanted to determine whether abstinence only until marriage (AOUM) sex education programs were effective in reducing HIV vulnerability among youth in Mississippi. Methods: Using the…
Objectives: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) rates in the southeast United States are high and substance use is common among people living with HIV (PLWH). This study used baseline data from the weCare intervention study to examine factors associated with the use of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana among racially and ethnically…
Objective: To assess patient- and hospital-level characteristics associated with opioid use in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive pregnant women and fetal health outcomes. Methods: Using the 2002–2014 Nationwide Inpatient Sample database, we analyzed discharge records to describe the rates of opioid use among HIV-positive pregnant women. Logistic regression was used to…
Objective: We characterized and estimated the cost of inpatient hospital utilization by US pediatric patients who tested positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).Methods: The 2012 Kids’ Inpatient Database was analyzed to provide a descriptive assessment of national inpatient hospital utilization. We analyzed a stratified probability sampling of 3.2 million…
Objectives: A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed to assess the prevalence of elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and to determine the relation between ALP and specific antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods: A total of 2990 patients were included in this study. Data were collected…
Objectives: In recent years, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cascade of care describing the spectrum of engagement in HIV care from diagnosis to virologic suppression has been used widely in determining the progress and success in public health efforts to control the HIV epidemic. For more than a decade South…
Objectives: To ensure generalizability of clinical research results, it is important to enroll a heterogeneous population that is representative of the target clinical population. Earlier studies have found regional variation in participation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinical trials, with the lowest rates seen in the southern United States. Rates…
Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate risk factors associated with tuberculosis (TB) transmission that was caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain MS0006 from 2004 to 2009 in Hinds County, Mississippi. Methods: DNA fingerprinting using spoligotyping, mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit, and IS6110-based restriction fragment length polymorphism of culture-confirmed cases…
Objectives: To evaluate the yield of screening patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of consecutive patients with PH seen at our institution from July 1992 to November 2008. We assessed HIV risk factors and history of HIV. We estimated…
Objective: Our aim was to quantify prevalence, incidence, and recurrence of oral lesions (OL) among a population in the Southeast. Methods: A retrospective study based on chart review was conducted among patients (n = 744) who were ≥19 years of age and initiated highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) between January…
The Scedosporium genus consists of filamentous fungi that inhabit soil, sewage, manure, and polluted waters, and contains two medically important species: Scedosporium apiospermum and Scedosporium prolificans. Scedosporiosis is caused by inhalation or traumatic subcutaneous implantation of the organism, and may have varied clinical presentations. A variety of pulmonary manifestations can…
Myositis is a complication of many infectious and noninfectious processes. Secondary syphilis is an uncommon cause of myositis, and, therefore, the diagnosis may be delayed. We describe a man with human immunodeficiency virus infection presenting with diffuse muscle injury secondary to syphilis. He had complete resolution of all signs and…
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