Objective: The purpose of this assessment of the literature was to evaluate the etiology, incidence, risk factors, diagnosis, management, and recurrent risk in a subsequent pregnancy of restless leg syndrome (RLS) in pregnancy. Methods: Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) were searched from January 1980–February 2024. The only…
Munchausen syndrome is a factitious disorder that is difficult to diagnose and treat. This article clarifies points for clinical recognition and management of patients with this condition. Patients with this condition often are dramatic and provide false and/or exaggerated symptoms or information. They solicit attention from physicians, going doctor-to-doctor, having…
Helicobacter pylori is a chronic bacterial infection that can lead to peptic ulcer disease, chronic gastritis, and gastric cancer. Its prevalence in the United States is lower than in most of the world, although specific populations are at particular risk for disease-related complications, including those with lower socioeconomic status and…
Evidence-based physical diagnosis is an essential part of the bedside curriculum. By using the likelihood ratio, a simple measure of diagnostic accuracy, teachers can quickly adapt this approach to their bedside teaching. Six recurring themes in evidence-based physical diagnosis are fully reviewed, with examples, in this article.
Hemoglobin A1c is the measurement of glycated hemoglobin and can aid in both the diagnosis and continued management of diabetes mellitus. Accurate glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (A1c) measurements are an essential part of decision making in the diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although national standards exist to eliminate…
Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a rare cause of chronic pancreatitis that poses a diagnostic challenge to the clinician in that it mimics pancreatic cancer and presents with painless obstructive jaundice. In this review, we discuss the two types of AIP: type 1, known as lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis and type 2,…
Objectives: Insurance status has the potential to play a significant role in an individual’s health care by affecting the time of diagnosis and the treatment options used. Our study reviewed insurance status as a determinant of the time of a breast cancer diagnosis as well as the surgical treatment options…
Objectives: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most rapidly progressive form of lung cancer, and delays in treatment may increase the tumor burden. We determined the time from abnormal radiograph to diagnosis and treatment for patients with SCLC and investigated the effect of emergent presentation, stage, radiographic findings, and…
Diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in primary care is complex, as many clinical symptoms are similar to asthma and heart disease, which may lead to misdiagnosis and suboptimal disease management. Spirometry is the best method for diagnosing COPD and distinguishing between COPD, asthma, and cardiovascular diseases. Airway obstruction…
Discoid lupus is an autoimmune disorder with primarily cutaneous manifestations. Carcinomatous changes in discoid lupus can lead to the development of squamous cell carcinoma. While this most often occurs in Caucasians, the presented patient is an African American. She developed numerous squamous cell carcinomas in areas of scarring from discoid…
Abstract:Injuries resulting from blunt cervical spine trauma are common problems seen in emergency departments and treated by trauma care specialists. Timely and appropriate imaging studies are essential to the cervical spine evaluation in the trauma patient. Despite advances in imaging techniques, cervical injuries may still be missed. Several specialty bodies…
Abstract:Tracheobronchial foreign body (TFB) aspiration is rare in adults, although incidence rates increase with advancing age. Risk factors for TFB aspiration in adults are a depressed mental status or impairment in the swallowing reflex. Symptoms associated with TFB aspiration may range from acute asphyxiation with or without complete airway obstruction,…
Isolated cuneiform fractures rarely occur, but must be considered in the differential diagnosis for midfoot injuries. Along with other nondisplaced, nondislocated midfoot injuries, these fractures are commonly missed or delayed in diagnosis. A review of the literature reveals only three other reported cases of isolated medial cuneiform fractures. Because of…
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a chronic neurologic disorder, with a prevalence rate in the general population of 5% to 10%. The diagnosis of RLS is straightforward; it is based on symptom history alone and uses the four essential diagnostic criteria for RLS. Owing to the heterogeneity of the disorder,…
This study was planned to determine the effectiveness of the Breese scoring system for the diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis and to evaluate its significance in different age groups. The research population was divided into two age groups. Group 1 consisted of children aged three and below and group 2 comprised…
Background: Previous studies have highlighted great variability in how primary care physicians arrive at the diagnosis of Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and their frequent use of unreliable methods. This study examines how physicians in family medicine residency programs evaluate for ADHD in light of the 2000 American Academy of…
Migraine headaches afflict approximately 6% of men and 18% of women in the United States, and cost billions of dollars each year in lost productivity, absenteeism, and direct medical expenditures. Despite its prevalence and the availability of therapeutic options, many patients do not seek treatment, and among those who do,…
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