SMJ articles in the category "disparities"

Original Article

Neighborhood Ecologies, Cases, and Deaths during the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons for Current and Future Epidemics?

Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionately affected Black and Latinx communities. Ecologic analyses have shown that counties with a higher percentage of Latinx and Black people have worse COVID-19 outcome rates. Few ecologic analyses have been published at the neighborhood (census tract) level. We sought to determine…

Posted in: COVID-19 55 disparities 16 race/ethnicity 6 socioeconomic status 7

Original Article

Sociodemographic Characteristics of HIV-Associated Dementia in the South Carolina Alzheimer’s Disease Registry

Objectives: Studies examining the sociodemographic characteristics associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–associated dementia (HAD) are lacking, especially in the southern United States. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of HAD using South Carolina Alzheimer’s Disease Registry data, and examine these characteristics across two time periods. Methods:…

Posted in: dementia 3 disparities 16 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 8

Original Article

Community Socioeconomic and Urban–Rural Disparities in Prehospital Notification of Stroke by Emergency Medical Services in North Carolina

Objectives: Notification by emergency medical services (EMS) to the destination hospital of an incoming suspected stroke patient is associated with timelier in-hospital evaluation and treatment. Current data on adherence to this evidence-based best practice are limited, however. We examined the frequency of EMS stroke prenotification in North Carolina by community…

Posted in: disparities 16 emergency medical services 6 Rural 17 Stroke 16

Original Article

Healthcare Access in Rural Alabama: Patients’ Perspective on Access and Utilization

Objectives: Increasing healthcare access is a Healthy People 2030 priority. This study examined healthcare access from the residents’ perspective in the two most rural counties in the United States and compared the findings with data from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) in rural and urban counties in…

Posted in: access 5 disparities 16 primary care 64 Rural 17 Urban 3

Original Article

Geographic Variations of Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Late-Stage Diagnosis of Childhood Cancer in Texas

Objectives: This study aimed to identify small geographic areas where the childhood cancer yearly incidence and late-stage diagnosis rates were disproportionately higher among racial/ethnic minorities (Hispanics and non-Hispanic African Americans) in Texas. Methods: The study examined childhood cancer disparities in Texas from 2005 to 2014, based on geographic location and…

Posted in: cancer disparity 2 childhood cancer 2 disparities 16 GIS 3 Health 4

Original Article

Population-Based Analysis of Patient Age and Other Disparities in the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer in Central Appalachia and Kentucky

Objectives: Adherence to National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for ovarian cancer treatment improves patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess disparities associated with ovarian cancer treatment in the state of Kentucky and central Appalachia. Methods: Data on patients diagnosed as having ovarian cancer from 2007 through…

Posted in: adherence 10 disparities 16 Kentucky 9 Ovarian Cancer 4

Review Article

A Social-Ecological Review of Cancer Disparities in Kentucky

Cancer continuously ranks among the top 10 leading causes of death in the United States. The burden of cancer is particularly elevated in the Commonwealth of Kentucky and its 54-county Appalachian region, where cancer is the leading cause of death. Kentucky’s high rates of cancer have been attributed to a…

Posted in: Appalachia 19 Cancer 19 disparities 16 Kentucky 9

Original Article

Management of Cocaine-Induced Myocardial Infarction: 4-Year Experience at an Urban Medical Center

Objectives: In 2008, the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology released guidelines for the management of cocaine-induced myocardial infarction (CIMI). We hypothesized that CIMI patients are likely to receive less invasive and more conservative management than patients with MI without history of cocaine use. Methods: We conducted…

Posted in: cocaine 5 disparities 16 myocardial infarction 15 non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction 2

Original Article

Attitudes Toward Self-Sampling for Cervical Cancer Screening among Primary Care Attendees Living on the US–Mexico Border

Key Points Cervical cancer disproportionally affects women from racial/ethnic minorities in the United States as a result primarily of lower screening rates when compared with non-Hispanic whites. Self-sampling for human papillomavirus infection in which women collect their own cervicovaginal samples has the potential to circumvent barriers (eg, embarrassment about the…

Posted in: cervical cancer 7 disparities 16 Hispanics 4 human papillomavirus 3

Original Article

Cancer in Relation to Socioeconomic Status: Stage at Diagnosis in Texas, 2004–2008

Objectives: To determine whether stage of cancer diagnosis was associated with the socioeconomic status (SES) of the census tract where the patient resides, and to assess whether this is modified by race, ethnicity, or urban/rural residence, other factors known to affect cancer diagnosis stage. Methods: Using 2004–2008 data from the…

Posted in: disparities 16 race and ethnicity 3 socioeconomic status 7

Original Article

Evaluation of Health Literacy among Spanish-Speaking Primary Care Patients Along the US–Mexico Border

Objectives: Health literacy (HL) is a measure of the communication skills that are needed by an individual to effectively navigate the healthcare system. Hispanic adults have lower average levels of HL than any other racial/ethnic group; however, the prevalence of adequate HL among Hispanics along the US–Mexico border is unknown….

Posted in: disparities 16 health literacy 9 Hispanics 4 primary care 64

Original Article

Disparities in Firearms Ownership and Storage Practices in North Carolina

Objective: Because household firearms pose a risk to children, this study examined firearms accessibility in North Carolina households with children. Methods: In 2008, parents completing the North Carolina Child Health Assessment and Monitoring Program survey were asked how many firearms they owned and their firearms storage practices. Weighted analyses provided…

Posted in: disparities 16 firearms 2

Original Article

The Impact of Race/Ethnicity on Preoperative Time to Hip Stabilization Procedure after Hip Fracture

Background: We sought to examine the preoperative time for hip stabilization procedure among Hispanics, non-Hispanic blacks (blacks) and non-Hispanic whites (whites). Methods: This was a secondary data analysis using Medicare claims data. Our analysis included 40,321 patients admitted for hip fracture hospitalization from 2001-2005. Our primary analysis was generalized linear…

Posted in: disparities 16 hip fractures 2 Hispanic 7 medicare 3

Original Article

Disparities in Sleep Position Awareness and Compliance

Objectives: To identify demographic predictors of caregivers who are more likely to position their infants prone for sleep; to determine caregivers’ primary information sources regarding sleep position recommendations; and to determine the primary influence on choice of infant sleep position among caregivers who still place their infants in an at-risk…

Posted in: demographic 2 disparities 16 sudden infant death syndrome 3

Original Article

Osteoporosis Preventive Care in White and Black Women in Community Family Medicine Settings

Background: Osteoporosis has been studied predominantly in white postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: We performed a cross-sectional survey of a random sample of 400 women aged 45 years and older enrolled in a family medicine community-based research network. Participants responded to 42 items regarding osteoporosis screening and prevention during primary…

Posted in: disparities 16 health services research 10 Osteoporosis 29 Women's Health 19

Original Article

Population-based Study of the Geographic Variation in Colon Cancer Incidence in Alabama: Relationship to Socioeconomic Status Indicators and Physician Density

Objectives: The objective of this population-based study was to examine the relationship between race, socioeconomic characteristics (socioeconomic status, SES), physician density, and colon cancer incidence in Alabama. Methods: Data for 5,788 colon cancer cases from 1996 to 1999 provided by the Alabama Statewide Cancer Registry are linked to county-level measures…

Posted in: colon cancer 6 disparities 16 incidence 6 race 15 socioeconomic status 7
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